Linguistic devices of prospection

Aprašymas
Linguistic devices of prospection, present and retrospection in “sula” by toni morrison. Introduction. Text, presented either in written or oral form, is multipartite plexus. The notion of text has obtained indetermination due to some philosophical, literary critical and linguistic controversies in the course of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. Theoretical issues of prospection and retrospection in texts of belles-lettres.

Ištrauka
Text, presented either in written or oral form, is multipartite plexus. Despite of different interpretations each humanitarian analyzing texts in one or another way of course would agree with a literary critic wolfgang kayser’s idea: no matter how text has to be researched, the first premise is the following: the very text is to be considered credible (gerulaitienė, 1999, 39).
Until the middle of the 20th century problems of text analysis were not given a proper attention in the linguistic works. In linguistics enquiry into the nature of language was almost entirely confined to the analysis of individual sentences or parts of sentences. However, it has become increasingly apparent that extended sequences of language are worthy of our attention, since text is more than just a random jumble of unconnected sentences. Both spoken and written texts have structures and functions of their own which are entirely missed unless we look beyond the level of the sentence. The main impediment for analyzing units, consisting of more than one sentence, was concealed in rejecting of text as a peculiar and independent unit. Text linguistics as a branch of general linguistics separated into an independent branch as the consequence of a deeper research into language and speech organization.
It was common for a sentence to be the highest communicative unit. A sentence was, and still is, the main object of traditional linguistic researches in syntax. In the frame of traditional linguistics the analysis of sentence structure and semantics is incontravertible standard. All grammatical phenomena are analyzed in reference to a sentence, which functions as a maximal unit. Thus, it is common to line up the following systemic units: a phoneme, a morpheme, a word, a combination of words, a sentence.
In the second half of the 20th century the peculiarities of functioning of a sentence in text were taken into consideration, i. E. Linguists turned to functional significance of sentence and started considering it as fundamental alongside the structural one. The impact for analyzing a sentence in text was caused by necessity to leave the boundaries of a sentence to observe some peculiar phenomena. Such kind of analyses led to a detailed research in the field of relations between sentences, which form text.

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